Presentation and Management Outcomes of Cholecystectomies at a District Hospital in Abuja, North Central Nigeria: A 20-Year Review.

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard for removing the Gall Bladder (GB) for operable benign diseases, many open cholecystectomies are still performed in developing countries. We present our experiences with all cholecystectomies done in a secondary health care hospital, in north-central Nigeria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients who had open and laparoscopic cholecystectomies over a 20year period between January 2000 and December 2019 at the general surgery unit of Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria were reviewed with a focus on demography, indications for surgery, type of operation, complications, and outcomes. The diagnosis of benign gall bladder diseases was by findings on patients' presentation, clinical examination, trans-abdominal ultrasound scan, and histological examination of all specimens. All open cholecystectomies were via the Kocher's incision approach while the laparoscopic cholecystectomies were via the 4-port incisions approach. RESULTS: A total of 120 cholecystectomies comprising 74 open cholecystectomies and 46 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed. There were 27(22.5%) males and 93(77.5%) females giving a male to female ratio of 1:3.4. The age range was 19 to 80years and the peak age was in the 41-50years range. The commonest indication for surgery was calculous cholecystitis in 107(89.2%) patients while the commonest post-operative complication was surgical site infection in 4(3.33%) patients. Majority (80%) were cholesterol stones. All the gall bladders were benign and there was no mortality recorded. CONCLUSION: Open and laparoscopic cholecystectomies are safe in Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja Nigeria and the outcomes are comparable to results from other centres in the region.

CONTEXTE: Bien que la cholécystectomie laparoscopique soit devenue la norme pour l'ablation de la vésicule biliaire (VB) dans le cas de maladies bénignes opérables, de nombreuses cholécystectomies ouvertes sont encore pratiquées dans les pays en développement. Nous présentons notre expérience de toutes les cholécystectomies réalisées dans un hôpital de soins secondaires, dans le centre-nord du Nigeria. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Tous les patients ayant subi une cholécystectomie ouverte ou laparoscopique sur une période de 20 ans, entre janvier 2000 et décembre 2019, à l'unité de chirurgie générale de l'hôpital du district d'Asokoro, à Abuja, au Nigeria, ont été examinés en mettant l'accent sur la démographie, les indications de la chirurgie, le type d'opération, les complications et les résultats. Le diagnostic des maladies bénignes de la vésicule biliaire a été établi en fonction des résultats de la présentation des patients, de l'examen clinique, de l'échographie transabdominale et de l'examen histologique de tous les spécimens. Toutes les cholécystectomies ouvertes ont été réalisées par l'approche de l'incision de Kocher, tandis que les cholécystectomies laparoscopiques ont été réalisées par l'approche des 4 incisions de port. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 120 cholécystectomies comprenant 74 cholécystectomies ouvertes et 46 cholécystectomies laparoscopiques ont été réalisées. Il y avait 27 (22,5 %) hommes et 93 (77,5 %) femmes, soit un rapport homme/femme de 1:3,4. La fourchette d'âge était de 19 à 80 ans et le pic d'âge se situait entre 41 et 50 ans. L'indication la plus fréquente de la chirurgie était la cholécystite calcaire chez 107 (89,2 %) patients, tandis que la complication postopératoire la plus fréquente était l'infection du site chirurgical chez 4 (3,33 %) patients. La majorité (80 %) étaient des calculs de cholestérol. Toutes les vésicules biliaires étaient bénignes et aucune mortalité n'a été enregistrée. CONCLUSION: Les cholécystectomies ouvertes et laparoscopiques sont sûres à l'hôpital du district d'Asokoro, Abuja Nigeria et les résultats sont comparables à ceux d'autres centres de la région. Mots clés: Vésicule biliaire, Cholécystectomie, Laparoscopie, Résultats, Hôpital de district, Abuja.

ADVANCED, RECURRENT, INVASIVE CRIBIFORM CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST IN A 17-YEAR-OLD MALE: A CASE REPORT.

INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancers (MBC) are relatively rare, accounting for about 1% of all male cancers in the US and 0.6% of breast cancers worldwide. In Nigeria, though the incidence varies per region, with a range of 3.4 to 9%, it is noted to be increasing. Gynaecomastia is a well-documented predisposing factor as well as endogenous and exogenous oestrogen. The most common histological subtype of male breast cancer is the invasive ductal carcinoma. Invasive cribriform carcinoma, ICC, is an extremely rare variant, with no more than 10 cases reported worldwide and, when present, has been diagnosed in patients above 40 years old. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 17 year-old, male undergraduate student, who presented to our clinic on account of a recurrent, painless, right breast lump. Three years earlier he had had a right breast lump excised at another health facilityand this was diagnosed histopathologicallyas invasive cribriform carcinoma. The only known predisposing factor was an initial lump, excised when he was 10 years old, and diagnosed histologically as gynaecomastia.He had surgical excision and axillary lymph node clearance,and histopathology re-confirmed high grade invasive cribriform carcinoma with multiple lymph node metastases, while immunohistochemistry showed a triple negative signature. He was thereafter referred for adjuvant treatment and has responded well to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: There is need for a high index of suspicion in all cases of gynaecomastia, and all such patients should be followed up. Prompt intervention, recourse to histology, and where indicated, immunohistochemistry, are important.

Identification of clinical biomarkers for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib

Background. Identification of patients with advanced HCC-deriving preferential benefit from sorafenib is desirable, and treatment-related adverse events are potential clinical biomarkers. Methods. Survival and toxicity data for patients with HCC treated with sorafenib at the Christie NHS Foundation Trust from 11/09 to 02/15 were collected retrospectively. Results. Eighty-five eligible patients were identified. The most common grade 3 or 4 treatment-related toxicities were hypertension (HTN, 45 %), fatigue (8 %), and hand-foot syndrome (HFS, 8 %). Any-grade HFS and/or worsening HTN (HFS/HTN) were experienced by 58 % of patients. Estimated median progression-free and overall survival (OS) were 4.6 (95 % CI 2.8-5.2) and 6.5 (95 % CI 4.9-8.01) month-p value <0.001) and the development of HFS/HTN were independent prognostic factors impacting on OS on multivariable analysis. Patients who developed HFS/HTN had median OS of 8.2 months (95 % CI 6.5-12.4) compared with 4.1 (95 % CI 2.7-5.4) for those without this toxicity (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.4, 95 % CI 0.2-0.7, p value 0.003). The prognostic impact of HFS/HTN was confirmed by landmark analyses limited to patients who lived a minimum of 2 months (p value 0.019) or who developed HFS/HTN in the first 3 months of treatment (p value 0.006). Conclusion(s). The development of toxicities specific to sorafenib is associated with prolonged survival in a UK-based HCC patient series; prospective assessment of their significance is required (AU)

No disponible

Identification of clinical biomarkers for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib.

BACKGROUND: Identification of patients with advanced HCC-deriving preferential benefit from sorafenib is desirable, and treatment-related adverse events are potential clinical biomarkers. METHODS: Survival and toxicity data for patients with HCC treated with sorafenib at the Christie NHS Foundation Trust from 11/09 to 02/15 were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: Eighty-five eligible patients were identified. The most common grade 3 or 4 treatment-related toxicities were hypertension (HTN, 45 %), fatigue (8 %), and hand-foot syndrome (HFS, 8 %). Any-grade HFS and/or worsening HTN (HFS/HTN) were experienced by 58 % of patients. Estimated median progression-free and overall survival (OS) were 4.6 (95 % CI 2.8-5.2) and 6.5 (95 % CI 4.9-8.01) months, respectively. Child-Pugh score (p value <0.001) and the development of HFS/HTN were independent prognostic factors impacting on OS on multivariable analysis. Patients who developed HFS/HTN had median OS of 8.2 months (95 % CI 6.5-12.4) compared with 4.1 (95 % CI 2.7-5.4) for those without this toxicity (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.4, 95 % CI 0.2-0.7, p value 0.003). The prognostic impact of HFS/HTN was confirmed by landmark analyses limited to patients who lived a minimum of 2 months (p value 0.019) or who developed HFS/HTN in the first 3 months of treatment (p value 0.006). CONCLUSION(S): The development of toxicities specific to sorafenib is associated with prolonged survival in a UK-based HCC patient series; prospective assessment of their significance is required.